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住宅四合院怎么设计？哪些方面需要注意的呢？

住宅四合院怎么设计？哪些方面需要注意的呢？

浏览：42次 | 提问时间： 06-29 09:08

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Rockroll 06-29 09:09

北京四合院是由东、西、南、北四面房子围合起来形成的内院式住宅。北京四合院作为老北京人世代居住的主要建筑形式，驰名中外，世人皆知。四合院的大门一般开在东南角或西北角，院中的北房是正房，正房建在砖石砌成的台基上，比其他房屋的规模大，是院主人的住室。院子的两边建有东西厢房，是晚辈们居住的地方。在正房和厢房之间建有走廊，可以供人行走和休息。四合院的围墙和临街的房屋一般不对外开窗，院中的环境封闭而幽静。北京有各种规模的四合院，但不论大小，都是由一个个四面房屋围合的庭院组成的。最简单的四合院只有一个院子，比较复杂的有两三个院子，富贵人家居住的深宅大院，通常是由好几座四合院并列组成的。中间还有一道隔墙。四合院的典型特征是外观规矩，中线对称，而且用法极为灵活，往大了扩展，就是皇宫、王府，往小了缩，就是平民百姓的住宅，辉煌的紫禁城与郊外的普通农民家都是四合院。四合院的大体分布为大门、第一进院、大堂、第二进院、书屋、住宅等，两侧有厢房,各房有走廊，隔扇门相连接。对地表所存民居的了解，必将使民居的文化弘扬并发展下去。首先，它的历史十分悠久。自元代正式建都北京，大规模规划建设都城时起，四合院就与北京的宫殿、衙署、街区、坊巷和胡同同时出现了。据元末熊梦祥所著《析津志》载：“大都街制，自南以至于北谓之经，自东至西谓之纬。大街二十四步阔，三百八十四久巷，二十九巷通。”其次，四合院的构成有它的独特之处。它的院落宽绰疏朗，四面房屋各自独立，又有游廊连接彼此，起居十分方便；封闭式的住宅使四合院具有很强的私密性，关起门来自成天地；院内，四面房门都开向院落，一家人和美相亲，其乐融融；宽敞的院落中还可植树栽花、饲鸟养鱼、叠石迭景，居住者尽享大自然的美好。此外，四合院虽为居住建筑，却蕴含着深刻的文化内涵，是中华传统文化的载体。四合院的营建极讲究风水，风水学说，实际是中国古代的建筑环境学，是中国传统建筑理论的重要组成部分；四合院的装修、雕饰、彩绘也处处体现着民俗民风和传统文化，表现出人们对幸福、美好、富裕、吉祥的追求，如以蝙蝠、寿字组成的图案，寓意“福寿双全”；以花瓶内安插月季花的图案寓意“四季平安”；而嵌于门簪、门头上的吉辞祥语，附在抱柱上的楹联，以及悬挂在室内的书画佳作，更是集贤哲之古训，采古今之名句，或颂山川之美，或铭处世之学，或咏鸿鹄之志，风雅备至，充满浓郁的文化气息，有如一座中国传统文化的殿堂。

婊孑配狗天长地久 06-29 09:18

四合院是以正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的北方地区汉族传统住宅的统称。在中国民居最悠久，分布最广泛，是汉族民居形式的典型。其历史已有三千多年，西周时，形式就已初具规模。山西、陕西、北京、河北的四合院最具代表性。在北京大大小小的胡同中，坐落着许多由东、南、西、北四面房屋围合起来的院落式住宅，这就是四合院。这种四合院，是在新中国成立前的留下来的，当前仍然沿用着。这种院落，一般采用出入一个院门。平时，院门一关，处于一种完全封闭的状态。四合院的院门，大都采用木板大门。厚厚的木板制成的大门一端，上下都放在轴心里，左右旋转，可以关开闭合，安全、可靠。

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