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哥特式教堂设计说明谁有？哪位好心人晓得？

哥特式教堂设计说明谁有？哪位好心人晓得？

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萌妹子不等于女汉子 06-29 09:17

哥特式建筑哥特式建筑是11世纪下半叶起源于法国,13～15世纪流行于欧洲的一种建筑风格.主要见于天主教堂,也影响到世俗建筑.哥特式建筑以其高超的技术和艺术成就,在建筑史上占有重要地位.最负著名的哥特式建筑有巴黎圣母大教堂,意大利米兰大教堂,德国科隆大教堂,英国威斯敏斯特大教堂.起源：哥特式建筑(Gothicarchitecture)是以法国为中心发展起来的.在12―15世纪,城市手工业和商业行会相当发达,城市内实行一定程度的民主政体,市民们以极高的热情建造教堂,以此相互争胜来表现自己的城市.另外,当时教堂已不再是纯属宗教性建筑物,它已成为城市公共生活的中心,成为市民大会堂,公共礼堂,甚至可用作市场和剧场.在宗教节日时,教堂往往成为热闹的赛会场地.特点：哥特式建筑的特点是尖塔高耸,在设计中利用十字拱、飞券、修长的立柱,以及新的框架结构以增加支撑顶部的力量,使整个建筑以直升线条、雄伟的外观和教堂内空阔空间,再结合镶着彩色玻璃的长窗,使教堂内产生一种浓厚的宗教气氛.教堂的平面仍基本为拉丁十字形,但其西端门的两侧增加一对高塔.哥特式教堂的结构体系由石头的骨架券和飞扶壁组成.其基本单元是在一个正方形或矩形平面四角的柱子上做双圆心骨架尖券,四边和对角线上各一道,屋面石板架在券上,形成拱顶.采用这种方式,可以在不同跨度上作出矢高相同的券,拱顶重量轻,交线分明,减少了券脚的推力,简化了施工.飞扶壁由侧厅外面的柱墩发券,平衡中厅拱脚的侧推力.为了增加稳定性,常在柱墩上砌尖塔.由于采用了尖券、尖拱和飞扶壁,哥特式教堂的内部空间高旷、单纯、统一.装饰细部如华盖、壁龛等也都用尖券作主题,建筑风格与结构手法形成一个有机的整体.希望我的回答对您有帮助。

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