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想问山地别墅景观设计有什么要点

想问山地别墅景观设计有什么要点

浏览：35次 | 提问时间： 06-29 09:59

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花落倾城季微凉 06-29 10:00

植物景观是山地别墅区景观的重要组成部分，在设计时应当保护和强化山地景观特色。要较好的融入山地环境之中，不显突兀和乏味，就要协调好山地别墅、人工环境与自然景观之间的关系，以达到"天人合一"的意境。　　1、地形地貌因素　　山地起伏多变的地形地貌创造了多元的景观选择，也为山地别墅区营造植物景观提供了得天独厚的载体和骨架。山地地形地貌在景观中有着实际功能，可以利用不同的方式创造和限制空间;可以增高或降低地形来控制人的视线;可以影响空间气氛，从而创造特定的空间氛围。天然的高差变化也为多层次、立体化的植物景观创造了可能性。　　2、水文因素　　对于适合建造别墅的山地来说，水是形成景观极为重要的自然资源，水的主要来源以自然降水以及冰雪融水为主。降水到达山地地表后，除渗入地下和蒸发的部分外，均在自然的沟壑表面形成地表径流，以溪流、山涧等动态形式存在，再汇聚成河流及湖泊等，这些水体不仅是良好的自然景观资源，同时对植物生长也极为有利，滋润着丰美秀丽的植物风光。　　3、土壤因素　　山地中不同位置的土壤状况明显不同。山顶土层浅，土壤贫瘠;山坡衔接山顶和山谷，容易受流水侵蚀而产生水土流失现象;山谷则一般土层深厚且肥力强，对植物生长最有利。所以在选择植物时，要考虑整个山地区域的土壤情况。另外，土壤的酸碱度也是影响植物生长的重要因素，也要对其做详细的调查分析，以便合理选择景观植物，确保达到设计效果。　　4、气候因素　　山地独特的地形条件使其各个局部的光照、温度、湿度、降水及气流等自然因素各不相同，从而在某些局部形成舒适的小气候，这些小气候环境会对植物生长十分有利，适宜营造丰富而多样的植物景观，来给居住者提供亲切怡人的休闲游憩空间。　　5、植被因素　　山地良好的自然植被不仅是山地美丽的外衣，还可防止水土流失、崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等灾害的发生。山地地形决定植物的分布及丰富度，而植物也同时改变地形景观、稳定地形和软化地形。从自然情况来看，北坡单位面积的物种丰富度高于南坡;乔木丰富度坡顶最低，侧坡下部最高;灌木在坡地中生长较好;草本植物生长则主要受海拔及坡位影响。所以在为山地别墅营造植物景观时，要合理参照现有基地环境中的自然植被特点，选择适宜山地坡位及朝向的植物。　　学习和了解山地别墅区的环境景观影响因素对山地别墅区植物景观营造的研究会起到很大作用。

人离心不在 06-29 10:09

针对山地别墅景观的特征，山地别墅景观的设计手法所具有的特殊性便可以从艺术与技术这两方面来总结。1、满足艺术一性的设计手法(1)景观造型与山体的山形协调(2)强调立体空间的艺术处理手法(3)设置有山地文化内涵的景观小品；2、满足技术属性的设计手法(1)建立适应山地地形的起伏的山地别墅交通系统(2)建筑单体应依据地形的坡度、朝向进行布局(3)利用气候、地形特征，加强自然通风(4)针对原生性较强的山地生态环境

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