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请问基础变形缝怎么设置？

请问基础变形缝怎么设置？

浏览：41次 | 提问时间： 06-30 04:52

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伤人绪Trste 06-30 04:53

为了避免温度变化、地基不均匀沉降和地震因素的影响而使建筑物发生变形破坏，墙体结构可通过设置变形缝的方式分为各自独立的区段。变形缝包括温度伸缩缝、沉降缝和防震缝三种。见[变形缝的形式图]
(1)变形缝的设置
①伸缩缝
设置部位：设置间距与屋顶和楼板类型有关，最大间距一般为50～75m。
设置要求：伸缩缝是从基础顶面开始，将墙体、楼板、屋顶全部构件断开，基础不必断开。伸缩缝的宽度一般为20～30mm。
②沉降缝
设置部位：平面形状复杂的建筑物的转角处；
建筑物高度或荷载差异较大处；
结构类型或基础类型不同处；
地基土层有不均匀沉降处；
不同时间内修建的房屋各连接部位。
设置要求：其宽度与地基情况及建筑高度有关，一般为20～30mm，在软弱基础上五层以上的建筑其缝宽应适当增加。
沉降缝处的上部结构和基础必须完全断开。

变形缝的处理
③防震缝
设置要求：防震缝的宽度B与建筑的层数及结构类型有关
(2)墙体变形缝构造见[变形缝构造图]
伸缩缝应保证建筑构件在水平方向自由沉降变形，防震缝主要是防地震水平波的影响，但三种缝的构造基本相同。
构造要点：将建筑构件全部断开，以保证缝两侧自由变形。变形缝应力求隐蔽，还应采取措施以防止风雨对室内的侵袭

哭到哑 06-30 05:01

变形缝分为三种：伸缩缝、沉降缝、防震缝。伸缩缝根据不同结构见GB50010-2010《混凝土结构设计规范》8.1节规定。如现浇框架结构房屋，两伸缩缝距离不得大于55m等，基础不必断开；沉降缝除了地基持力层的影响外，因素较多，基础必须断开，见GB50007-2002《建筑地基基础设计规范》第7.3.2条各款为原则，综合考虑布置；防震缝需设置在针对地震时易产生应力集中而造成建筑物结构断裂、发生破坏的部位，基础不一定断开，见GB50011-2010或2001《建筑抗震设计规范》7.1.7.3条。

久惯成病 06-30 05:09

采用偏心式基础，这种方式多用于荷载较轻，层数不高的砖混结构中，它要求地基承载力比较高，这样基础断面尺寸不很大，基础偏心不致影响整个结构。在保证缝宽尺寸的情况下，低层部分基础偏心可能大些，因为它的基础断面尺寸相对小些，使两侧基础偏心较为合理。
交叉式基础，这种做法也称为跨越的基础，这种做法必须设置基础梁。首先要把基础梁的位置，跨数，跨度确定下来，然后根据墙体传下来的荷载计算出梁的弯矩剪力，在根据剪力的大小与地基承载力来确定墩的尺寸，墩与墩之间应完全分开，如果需要，各墩还应配筋，这种做法多用于偏心基础不能满足的砖混结构和一边砖混，一边为框架的混合结构形式。

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