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坡式建筑设计要注意什么？

坡式建筑设计要注意什么？

浏览：32次 | 提问时间： 06-30 04:54

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长腿欧巴 06-30 04:55

(一)总体布局
　　坡地建筑的布局必须服从坡地自然形态进行工程建设，并随着等高线的起伏层级而上。与平地的规划方式不同，坡地建筑群体因所处的标高存在差异，属于三维立体的空间概念，同时缓坡地、平坡地都比较的少，在急坡地进行开发又是难以实现的，由此一来，坡地建筑工程的建设就受到了严重的制约。由于坡地环境的影响，坡地建筑工程多是依据坡式和山地环境进行布局的，在与坡地环境充分融合的基础上，形成了两种不同的布局形式，即集中式布局和分散式布局。其中分散式布局更为灵活，能够充分依据山地形式，具有弹性的进行建设，能够与山地自然环境有效结合，形成建筑各要素井然有序的布局关系；而集中式布局则根据山地坡势较为平缓的区域进行集中分布，能够节约土地，缩短各建筑之间的联系距离，可较好的控制工程的成本。
(二)建筑形体
　　坡地工程的立面设计、建筑风格以及外形选材只有充分融合到坡地自然环境当中，才能在坡地优势发挥的同时促使工程的有效建设和改造。由于坡地地形环境非常多样，对建筑的创作方式具有一定的影响，如果简单的套用平地工程的设计思路进行坡地工程的建设，所造成的影响则是非常巨大的。具体的设计过程中，不仅要使原有的植被、地形得到保护，防止大挖大填等施工问题的发生，还要能够对地形高差进行合理利用，从而使工程建筑的形体能够与自然环境相融合，共同发挥其良好特点和优势。
(三)道路交通
　　建筑规范要求，步行道及基地机动车道的道路纵坡不能超过8％，而消防车停留位置的坡度不能超过3％。此外，地形起伏较大的坡地，由于中坡、平坡地面的有限，使得道路的设计变得更为困难。此时就要遵循因地制宜的原则，依据地貌特点、地形特点对边坡工程进行设计，避免过多挖土填土工程的实施，同时也要确保挡土墙不能过高，确保车行道路能够在不同高度的坡地上形成蜿蜒状态，并符合等高线的高差及走向要求。对于人行道的设计，能够以台阶与缓坡的形式，在建筑群体之间有所构成。通常来说，坡地建筑的路网主要为自由式路网，此种路网的设置一方面是受制于边坡的地形，另一方面考虑的则是工程的成本控制。其中，主干道加支路是路网组织的主要方式，即若干个尽端式道路在主干线中发出，并在道路互相连通的基础上形成环路。

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