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色彩配置表在室内设计中是什么

色彩配置表在室内设计中是什么

浏览：35次 | 提问时间： 07-02 04:28

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放手了不想了 07-02 04:29

一、色彩的物理效应色彩对人引起的视觉效果还反应在物理性质方面，如冷暖、远近、轻重、大小等，这不但是由于物体本身对光的吸收和反射不同的结果，而且还存在着物体间的相互作用的关系所形成的错觉。1、温度感在色彩学中，把不同色相的色彩分为热色、冷色和温色，从红紫、红、橙、黄到黄绿色称为热色，以橙色最热。从青紫、青至青绿色称冷色，以青色为最冷。紫色是红与青色混合而成，绿色是黄与青混合而成，因此是温色。这和人类长期的感觉经验是一致的，如红色、黄色，让人似看到太阳、火、炼钢炉等，感觉热；而青色、绿色，让人似看到江河湖海、绿色的森林，感觉凉爽。但是色彩的冷暖既有绝对性，也有相对性，愈靠近橙色，色感愈热，愈靠近青色，色感愈冷。如红比红橙较冷，红比紫较热，但不能说红是冷色。此外，还有被色的影响，如小块白色与大面积红色对比下，白色明显地带绿色，即红色的补色的影响加到白色中。2、距离感色彩可以使人感觉进退、凹凸、远近的不同，一般暖色系和明度高的色彩具有前进、凸出、接近的效果，而冷色系和明度较低的色彩则具有后退、凹进、远离的效果。室内设计中常利用色彩的这些特点去改变空间的大小和高低。3、重量感色彩的重量感主要取决于明度和纯度，明度和纯度高的显得轻，如桃红、浅黄色。在室内设计的构图中常以此达到平衡和稳定的需要，以及表现性格的需要如轻飘、庄重等。4、尺度感色彩对物体大小的作用，包括色相和明度两个因素。暖色和明度高的色彩具有扩散作用，因此物体显得大，而冷色和暗色则具有内聚作用，因此物体显得小。不同的明度和冷暖有时也通过对比作用显示出来，室内不同家具、物体的大小和整个室内空间的色彩处理有密切的关系，可以利用色彩来改变物体的尺度、体积和空间感，使室内各部分之间关系更为协调。二、色彩对人的生理和心理反应生理心理学表明感受器官能把物理刺激能量，如压力、光、声和化学物质，转化为神经冲动，神经冲动传到到脑而产生感觉和知觉，而人的心理过程，如对先前经验的记忆、思想、情绪和注意集中等，都是脑较高级部位以一定方式所具有的机能，它们表现了神经冲动的实际活动。费厄发现，肌肉的机能和血液循环在不同色光的照射下发生变化，蓝光最弱，随着色光变为绿、黄、橙、红而依次增强。库尔特?戈尔茨坦对有严重平衡缺陷的患者进行了实验，当给她穿上绿色衣服时，她走路显得十分正常，而当穿上红色衣服时，她几乎不能走路，并经常处于摔倒的危险之中。也有人在对色彩治疗病方面作了如下对应关系：紫色――神经错乱；靛青――视力混乱；蓝――甲状腺和喉部疾病；绿――心脏病和高血压；黄――胃、胰腺和肝脏病；橙――肺、肾病；红――血脉失调和贫血。不同的实践者，利用色彩治病有复杂的系统和处理方法，选择使用色彩的刺激去治疗人类的疾病，是一种综合艺术。有人举例说，伦敦附近泰晤士河上的黑桥，跳水自杀者比其他桥多，改为绿色后自杀者就少了。这些观察和实验，虽然还不能充分说明不同色彩对人产生的各种各样的作用，但至少已能充分证明色彩刺激对人的身心所起的重要影响。相当于长波的颜色引起扩展的反应，而短波的颜色引起收缩的反应。整体机体由于不同的颜色，或者向外胀，或者向内收，并向机体中心集结。此外，人的眼睛会很快地在它所注视的任何色彩上产生疲劳，而疲劳的程度与色彩的彩度成正比，当疲劳产生之后眼睛会很快地在它所注视的任何色彩上产生疲劳，而疲劳的程度与色彩的彩度成正比，当疲劳产生之后眼睛有暂时记录它的补色的趋势。如当眼睛注视红色后，产生疲劳时，再转向白墙上，则墙上能看到红色的补色绿色。因此，赫林认为眼睛和大脑需要中间灰色，缺少了它，就会变得不安稳。由此可见，在使用刺激色和高彩度的颜色时要十分慎重，并要注意到在色彩组合时应考虑到视觉残象对物体颜色产生的错觉，以及能够使眼睛得到休息和平衡的机会。三、色彩的含义和象征性人们对不同的色彩表现出不同的好恶，这种心理反应，常常是因人们生活经验、利害关系以及由色彩引起的联想造成的，此外也和人的年龄、性格、素养、民族、习惯分不开。例如看到红色，联想到太阳，万物生命之源，从而感到崇敬、伟大，也可以联想到血，感到不安、野蛮等等。看到黄绿色，联想到植物发芽生长，感觉到春天的来临，于是把它代表青春、活力、希望、发展、和平等等。看到黑色，联想到黑夜、丧事中的黑纱，从而感到神秘、悲哀、不祥、绝望等等。看到黄色，似阳光普照大地，感到明朗、活跃、兴奋。人们对色彩的这种由经验感觉到主观联想，再上升到理智的判断，既有普遍性，也有特殊性；既有共性，也有个性；既有必然性，也有偶然性，虽有正确的一面，但并未被科学所证实。因此，我们在进行选择色彩作为某种象征和含义时，应该根据具体情况具体分析，决不能随心所欲，但也不妨碍对不同色彩作一般的概括。

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