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新房子想装一个太阳能热水器，我想了解它的工作原理是什么？

新房子想装一个太阳能热水器，我想了解它的工作原理是什么？

浏览：37次 | 提问时间： 07-02 04:42

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我过马路不怕被车撞 07-02 04:43

太阳能热水器是由真空集热管、保温水箱、支架、连接管道等组成的。太阳能热水器工作原理大概可分三个步骤：1、吸热过程太阳辐射透过玻璃盖板，被集热板吸收后沿肋片和管壁传递到吸热管内的水。吸热管内的水吸热后温度升高，比重减小而上升，形成一个向上的动力，构成一个热虹吸系统。随着热水的不断上移并储存在储水箱上部，同时通过下循环管不断补充温度较低的水，如此循环往复，最终整箱水都升高至一定的温度。现有的平板式集热器，基本上都采用结合良好的多管组合方式，如滚压或压延方法等，其中走水管子与吸热板之间的热阻几乎可以忽略。影响平板式集热器板芯性能的主要因素，一是结构设计，二是表面吸收涂层。设计良好的集热器的板芯肋片效率应该在93%以上。集热器的板芯肋片效率与板芯结构、表面处理以及集热器整体结构有关。集热器整体结构的影响可以用总传热系数来描述，其影响程度与自身的几何尺寸(肋片厚度、材质)是一样。也就是说，在同等效率的情况下，集热器热损小时板芯可以薄一些。选择性吸收表面可以提高集热效率，但是市面上这类产品为了提高经济效益，往往肋片较薄。用于热水器场合时，这类产品的实际集热效果与选择性差一些(甚至没有选择性)但肋片厚一些的集热器不会有太大的区别。2、循环家用太阳能热水器通常按自然循环方式工作，没有外在的动力，设计良好的系统只要有5~6℃以上的温差就可以循环很好。水循环管路管径及管路分布的合理性直接影响到集热器的热交换效率。多数情况下，自然循环家用热水器系统管路中的流态都可以视为层流。集热器内管路系统的阻力主要来自沿程阻力，局部阻力的影响要小得多，其中支管的沿程阻力又比主管要大得多。当水温升高后，由于运动粘度减小，沿程阻力变小，局部阻力的影响变大。在一定范围内，当主管管径不变时，加大支管管径，不仅沿程阻力迅速减小，而且局部阻力也将跟着减小。一般地，支管的水力半径应在10mm以上。当主管管径达到一定值以后，增加主管管径对减小系统阻力意义不大。3、顶水式使用过程家用太阳能热水器的用水方式分为落水式和顶水式。落水使用方式不受自来水供水影响，其缺点是使用过程中水温先低后高，掌握不好的话容易造成突然缺水的尴尬。顶水方式则是水温先高后低，容易掌握，使用者容易适应，但是要求自来水保持供水能力。在自来水有保证的情况下，推荐使用顶水方式。家用太阳能热水器设计成顶水方式时，必须对水箱内部结构进行合理的设计，以保证出水均匀，避免形成水路“短路”或死角。使用管路最好设计成可以转换成落水式的连接方式，在自来水压力不足或停水时应急用。

腻心情话 07-02 04:51

物理老师在哪里

someone 07-02 05:00

光转为热能转为电能，差不多是这样

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新房子想装一个太阳能热水器，我想了解它的工作原理是什么？

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新房子想装一个太阳能热水器，我想了解它的工作原理是什么？