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楼房排水系统如何设计？

楼房排水系统如何设计？

浏览：45次 | 提问时间： 07-07 04:20

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末 07-07 04:21

1、第一点，水表设置长期以来，我国住宅水表均设于室内厨房或卫生间等用水集中处，对于用水点较多且分散的住宅，有时甚至一户内设多个水表。近年来，水表设于户内而引发的诸多问题日益引起人们的重视:入户抄表扰乱人们的正常生活及可能导致的入户抢劫，使住宅私密性及安全性得不到保障;管理人员抄表不易且抄表劳动强度大;个别用户偷水而管理部门无法制止及处罚等。由于这些问题的存在，水表出户已成为必然的选择。为此，新修订的国家规范《建筑给水排水设计规范》GBJ50015-2003规定:住宅建筑应装设分户水表，分户水表或分户水表的数字显示宜设在户外。?????? 水表出户有以下几种方式:(1)分户水表集中设于屋顶(水箱供水)或底层空间内(变频供水)。这种方式常用于多层单元式住宅中。一般一个单元设一个水表井(箱)，分户水管沿室内管井或建筑外墙引入户内。其优点为抄表方便，抄表人员劳动强度低，可以杜绝用户的偷水行为。缺点是管材耗量大，管道水头损失大，需占用较大空间的管道井，如设于外墙则易影响建筑外观，分户支管不易检修。(2)水表设于楼梯休息平台处。给水立管设于平台处，每户设一水表箱，将水表箱嵌入休息平台两侧墙体中。其优点为:分户支管短，较节约管材，管道水头损失也较小;缺点是:水表分散设置，抄表人员劳动强度较大。通常室内消火栓箱也明设于休息平台处，使本来就拥挤的休息平台更加拥挤，给住户通行带来不便。(3)水表每层集中设于水表间内，分户水表整齐靠于墙面。其优点同方式(2)相同，缺点是:分户管道必须沿公共走道楼板下引入室内，因而走道内要求设吊顶。(4)将传统的普通机械式水表改换为远传水表或IC卡智能型水表。远传水表计算准确且无需抄表，此卡表需用户预存入一定数额水费，将充值后的IC卡插入水表的读码器中即可用水。由于远传水表和IC卡表价格相对昂贵且在技术上仍存在一定问题，因而在实际工程中尚未得到广泛应用。以上几种水表出户方式，各有其优缺点，在工程实际设计中具体采用何种方式，应由设计入员根据住宅的性质、档次及当地行业管理部门的要求确定。第二点，给水支管布置与敷设目前，新建住宅中一厨两卫已很普遍，有的住宅甚至配有一厨三卫、一厨四卫，且厨房、卫生间、阳台各用水点位置均较分散。分户支管至用水点间管道如沿室内楼板下吊设，必然要求设室内吊顶，管外壁还应有防结露措施，给住户装修带来不便。《建筑给水排水设计规范》 GBJ50015-2003规定，给水支管宜敷设在楼(地)面的找平层或沿墙敷设在管槽内，敷设在找平层或管槽内的给水支管外径不宜大于25mm。实际上，如果将2个或2个以上用水点的给水支管串接在一起，其支管外径均会超过25mm。因此，为了满足规范的要求，给水支管入户后即接入分水器，分水器暗设于厨房或卫生间墙体内，则通过分水器后接往各用水点的支管外径均可控制在25mm以下。但应注意:若设于找平层内，在给水支管施工完毕后，应在其位置做上明显的标记，以免住户装修时破坏给水管道。 2、排水管道敷设《住宅设计规范》GB50096-1999 规定，住宅的污水排水横管宜设于本层套内。虽然规范有此规定，但在大部分住宅设计中，由于存在各种问题，真正能做到这一点的尚不多见。于是在日常生活中，经常出现上下层住户因排水管道漏水而导致的各种纠纷。作为工程设计人员，应在设计时努力解决这一问题。为此，提出一些做法以探讨解决问题的办法。

千寻追觅少年梦 07-07 04:29

楼房排水系统设计方法：
(1)电缆桥架与输送液体的管线应分开设置;
(2)先保证重力流管线的布置;
(3)考虑施工顺序，先施工的管线在里边，需保温的管线放在易施工的位置;
(4)先管径大的管线，后管径小的管线;
(5)分层布置，由上而下按蒸汽、热水、给水、排水管线顺序排列;
(6)兼作消防用水贮备时，还包括10分钟的室内消防流量。
希望我的回答可以帮助到您！

共赏白头 07-07 04:37

你好，据我了解楼房排水系统的设计方法如下：
1．建筑室外管道与设施布置(包括：引入管，水表井，化粪池，检查井，排出管，室外消火栓，室外消防水泵接合器等)；
2．室内给水系统设计(包括：室内生活冷水供应系统，室内消火栓给水系统，室内自动喷淋给水系统，泵房与水池布置)；
3．室内排水系统设计(包括：室内排水系统与屋面雨水排水系统)。因为下边没堵，就会顺利排出。且下水道的最高处是开口的，以产生气压，每家的下水口也都有一个弯头，弯头里有水，隔绝空气，又可以通过大气产生压力。因此只要下面不堵，水就不会冒出。抽水马桶是通过特殊弯曲的结构，利用空气的原理把水一下排空。

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