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制造瓷砖的流程主要有哪些？

制造瓷砖的流程主要有哪些？

浏览：67次 | 提问时间： 07-07 04:44

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3个答案

时间都心酸 07-07 04:44

练泥：从矿区采取瓷石，先以人工用铁锤敲碎至鸡蛋大小的块状,再利用水碓舂打成粉状，淘洗，除去杂质，沉淀后制成砖状的泥块。然后再用水调和泥块，去掉渣质，用双手搓揉，或用脚踩踏，把泥团中的空气挤压出来，并使泥中的水分均匀。

　　拉坯：将泥团摔掷在辘轳车的转盘中心，随手法的屈伸收放拉制出坯体的大致模样。拉坯是成型的第一道工序。拉坯成型首先要熟悉泥料的收缩率。景德镇瓷土总收缩率大致为18—20%,根据大小品种和不同器型及泥料的软硬程度予以放尺。由于景德镇瓷泥的柔软性,拉制的坯体均比之瓷砖/石材黏土成型的要厚。拉坯不仅要注意到收缩率,而且还要注意到造型。如遇较大尺寸的制品,则要分段拉制,从各个分段部位,可看出拉坯师傅的技艺好坏和水平高低。

　　印坯：印模的外形是按坯体内形弧线旋削而成的，将晾至半干的坯覆在模种上，均匀按拍坯体外壁，然后脱模。

　　利坯：将坯覆放于辘轳车的利桶上，转动车盘，用刀旋削，使坯体厚度适当，表里光洁，这是一道技术要求很高的工序。利坯,也称“修坯”或“旋坯”,是最后确定器物形状的关键环节,并使器物表面光洁、形体连贯、规整一致。

　　晒坯：将加工成型后的坯摆放在木架上晾晒。

　　刻花：用竹、骨或铁制的刀具在已干的坯体上刻画出花纹。

　　施釉：普通圆器采用醮釉或荡釉。琢器或大型圆器用吹釉。大部分陶瓷制品均需经施釉后才能进窑烧造。施釉工艺看似简单,却是极为重要和较难掌握的一道工序。要做到坯体各部分的釉层均匀一致,厚薄适当,还要关注到各种釉的不同流动性,实在不是件容易的事。景德镇陶瓷装饰大致可分为釉下装饰和釉上装饰两种基本类型。釉下装饰是指直接在泥坯上进行艺术装饰加工,并上釉烧成的瓷器,因其装饰图案位于瓷器釉层之下而得名,主要包括青花、釉里红和釉下五彩等。在已经烧成的瓷器釉面上进行装饰加工的工艺,则称为釉上彩,包括古彩、粉彩、墨彩、新彩等。还有釉下青花与釉上五彩相结合的“斗彩”装饰。实际上自元代以后,中国瓷器彩绘装饰的历史,基本上是以景德镇瓷器发展史为主要脉络的。釉里发出红色是景德镇具较高声誉和影响的名贵品种。

　　烧窑：首先把陶瓷制品装入匣钵，匣是陶瓷制品焙烧的容器,以耐火材料制成,作用是防止瓷坯与窑火直接接触,避免污染,尤其对白瓷烧造最为有利。烧窑时间过程约一昼夜，温度在1300度左右。先砌窑门，点火烧窑，燃料是松柴，把椿工技术指导，测看火候，掌握窑温变化，决定停火时间。

　　彩绘：釉上彩如五彩、粉彩等，是在已烧成瓷的釉面上描绘纹样、填彩，再入红炉以低温烧烘，温度约700—800度。

　　烧窑前即在坯体素胎上绘画，如青花、釉里红等，则称为釉下彩，其特点是彩在高温釉下，永不退色。

　　瓷器的彩绘与一般绘画不同。因为画工在坯体素胎上施釉和作画时所见的颜料色，在经过高温烧制和烘烤后会发生很大变化。看到一件件颜色暗淡、貌不惊人的半成品，经过炉火的烧炼竟会呈现出如此绚丽夺目的色彩，这本身是奇妙的；而与此同时也便可以得知，为瓷器作画是需要怎样的特殊经验和想象力了。

心疼 07-07 04:53

制造瓷砖的流程：
1：揉泥
揉泥，目的在于排空泥料中的气泡，使得泥料进一步紧致。缺少这一道工序，则容易出现坯体中含有气泡，坯体干燥烧制时容易破裂变形。
2：做坯
景德镇传统圆器做坯，即是依据最终的器型作出大致相应的坯体，以供后期印坯时使用。
3：印坯
做好的粗坯，在经过一定时间的自然阴干(必须在一定的湿度和温度条件下自然阴干，不可日晒。做坯成形的坯体，必须斜放在坯板上，不可直立放置，直立放置，则可能产生底部的坯裂)，就可以进入印坯工序。印坯，是为了使手工成形的圆器在烧制后达到整齐划一。待手工拉坯的坯体自然阴干后，将半干的坯体置于土制磨具上以手按拍，使得坯体周正匀结。
4.利坯
利坯，是将印好的坯精加工，使其进一步光整圆润。
5：荡里釉
圆器制作，若是器内没有装饰的，则需要先上里釉。器物外面的釉则是后期第二次的浸釉。釉，是附着在陶瓷坯体表面的玻璃质薄层，与玻璃有着类似的物理和化学性质。釉一般以石英、长石、粘土等为原料。陶瓷施釉的方法有：喷、吹、浸、浇、荡等方法。里釉(器物内部的釉面)和底釉(器物底足的釉面)我们采用的是传统的荡釉法，外釉我们采用浸釉法。
6：画坯
荡好内釉的坯，则可以进入画坯工序。

黎夕旧梦 07-07 05:01

原料—－球磨——成浆——喷雾造粒——入粉料仓——压制成型——干燥——施底釉——施面釉——印花——釉坯——烧成——检验——分级——包装——入库

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