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电涌保护装置是什么？

电涌保护装置是什么？

浏览：51次 | 提问时间： 07-10 08:45

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搽 07-10 08:46

电涌保护器(SPD)工作原理和结构
电涌保护器(Surge protection Device)是电子设备雷电防护中不可缺少的一种装置，过去常称为“避雷器”或“过电压保护器”英文简写为SPD.电涌保护器的作用是把窜入电力线、信号传输线的瞬时过电压限制在设备或系统所能承受的电压范围内，或将强大的雷电流泄流入地，保护被保护的设备或系统不受冲击而损坏。
电涌保护器的类型和结构按不同的用途有所不同，但它至少应包含一个非线性电压限制元件。用于电涌保护器的基本元器件有：放电间隙、充气放电管、压敏电阻、抑制二极管和扼流线圈等。

零距离羙感 07-10 08:54

电涌保护即SPD，功能是通过泄放电涌电流来限制电涌电压。SPD主要是用来限制雷电引起的瞬态过电压，即雷电电涌，也可限制一部分的操作过电压。雷电电涌可以沿电源或信号进线侵入，可以由于雷击时地电位升高反击而来，可以由于雷击建筑物本身或附近的磁场感应而在电缆和环路中产生。因此，即使有了良好的避雷针、引下线和接地装置，也并非不要SPD，因为避雷针无法防止雷电感应和电涌沿线侵入，实际的接地装置难以防止反击。特别是如果建筑物内有价值较高、影响较大的信息电子设备和/或电力电子设备，其耐受雷电电涌的能力大大低于常规电气设备，就有采用SPD的必要。当然，SPD是要一定投资的，最好在进行雷击风险分析评估后，并考虑技术经济比较，不仅考虑直接损失，而且考虑间接损失(对信息系统，间接损失往往大大高于直接损失)，然后决定究竟是否采用SPD，以及采用什么样的SPD。

Lecuer吾心 07-10 09:03

电涌保护装置又称防雷器，简称(SPD)适用于交流50/60HZ，额定电压220V至380V的供电系统(或通信系统)中，对间接雷电和直接雷电影响或其他瞬时过压的电涌进行保护，适用于家庭住宅、第三产业以及工业领域电涌保护的要求，具有相对相，相对地，相对中线，中线对地及其组合等保护模式。望采纳。

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