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问问一楼带地一下室设计规范有哪些？来说说

问问一楼带地一下室设计规范有哪些？来说说

浏览：40次 | 提问时间： 07-17 04:50

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也许是你太温暖 07-17 04:51

人防地下室，全称“人民防空地下室”，其设计执行下列规范：《人民防空地下室设计规范GB50038—2005》《人民防空工程设计防火规范GB50098-98》人防地下室具有防护功能。甲类可以防核武器、常规武器和生化武器；乙类可以防常规武器和生化武器（防不了核武器）。而普通地下室不具备防护功能，常规武器即可将其破坏。功能方面，人防地下室基本分为“人员隐蔽”和“物资储备”两种。战时为人防地下室，平时可以用作办公、商业、库房、汽车库等。普通地下室仅依照其功能需要配备上下水、空调、电气等设备，人防地下室就复杂得多了。由于要抵御生化武器甚至核武器的攻击，人防地下室相对密封，采用密闭门和防护密闭门，并设有一套专业的空气调节系统，这是人防地下室与普通地下室最本质的区别。人防工程由各地政府主管部门规划、管理，设计比较复杂、技术细节很多、专业性强，最好的学习方法就是结合实际工程进行设计实践。

十年之后 07-17 04:59

小型地下室设计规范具体如下：
1、抗震要求。地下室如果设计不当，对整体抗震性能会产生较大影响，根据南京市施工图审查要点，对于半地下室的埋深要求应大于地下室外地面以上的高度，才能不计其层数，总高度才能从室外地面算起。地下室的墙柱与上部结构的墙柱要协调统一。地下室顶板室内外板面标高变化处，当标高变化超过梁高范围时则形成错层，未采取措施不应作为上部结构的嵌固部位，规范明确规定作为上部结构嵌固部位的地下室楼层的顶楼盖应采用梁板结构，地下室顶板为无梁楼盖时不应作为上部结构嵌固部位。结构计算应往下算至满足嵌固端要求的地下室楼层或底板，但剪力墙底部加强区层数应从地面往上算，并应包括地下层。
2、荷载取值与组合。地下室外墙受弯及受剪计算时，土压力引起的效应为永久荷载效应，可变荷载效应控制的组合时，土压力的荷载分项系数取1.2;永久荷载效应控制的组合时，其荷载分项系数取1.35。对于地面活荷载，同样应乘侧压力系数，许多设计中计算不对。地下室底板的强度计算时，根据《建筑结构荷载规范》。抗浮计算时，板、覆土的自重的荷载分项系数应取为0.9。地下室外墙的土压力应为静止土压力，根据土性的不同分别采用不同的计算方法，粘性土采用水土合算，砂性土采用水土分算。
3、地下水与抗浮。地下水位及其变幅是地下室抗浮设计重要依据，实际地下室抗浮设计中往往只考虑正常使用极限状态，对施工过程和洪水期重视不足，因而会造成施工过程中由于抗浮不够出现局部破坏。另外，实际中在同一整体大面积地下室上建有多栋高层和低层建筑，而地下室面积大，形状又不规则，加之局部上方没有建筑，此类抗浮问题也相对比较难以处理，须作细致分析处理。
4、裂缝及控制方法。地下室外墙混凝土易出现收缩，受到结构本身和基坑边壁等的约束，产生较大的拉应力，直至出现收缩裂缝，地下室外墙裂缝宽度控制在0.2mm之内，其配筋量往往由裂缝宽度验算控制。工程中许多设计将地下室防水结构构件的计算弯距调幅、有的下端按铰接、有的未考虑荷载分项系数、多层时未按多跨连续计算，地下室外墙在计算中漏掉抗裂性验算，地下室外墙与底板连接构造不合理，建筑物超长未设缝或留置后浇带，后浇带的位置设置不当，外墙施工缝或后浇带详图未交代，室外出入口与主体结构相连处未设沉降缝等，导致违反设计规范，产生渗漏现象。某工程地下室设计成一个大底盘，而该大底盘下的基础形式同时有天然地基、桩基、刚性桩复合地基，此类基础即使设置后浇带也仅适合施工阶段。
5、保护层和垫层厚度。《地下工程防水技术规范》(GB50108-2001)对防水混凝土结构规定：结构厚度不应小于250mm;裂缝宽度不得大于0.2mm，并不得贯通;迎水面钢筋保护层厚度不应小于50mm。防水混凝土结构底板混凝土垫层，强度等级不应小于C15，厚度不小于100mm，在软弱土层中不应小于150mm。工程实践表明如果结构厚度或迎水面钢筋保护层厚度小于规范限值常常是引起渗漏水现象的常见原因，因此规范修订以后对限值作了相应的提高，应引起注意。希望对你有帮助！

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