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杂交兰生产需要哪些栽培设施？有哪些值得注意的呢

杂交兰生产需要哪些栽培设施？有哪些值得注意的呢

浏览：27次 | 提问时间： 07-17 04:50

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我从来不属于你 07-17 04:51

杂交兰规模化栽培一般使用塑料大棚或平顶阴棚。塑料大棚高3.0?3.5米，设双层遮阳网，顶层遮阳网固定（也可以是活动的），第二层遮阳网可以活动，两层遮阳网之间距离50厘米左右。杂交兰阴棚内外网的遮光率要比栽植墨兰的遮光率低些，为60%?70%即可。棚四周要通风良好，夏季高温时要撤掉四周的塑料薄膜，必要时可安装内循环风机，促进棚内空气流通。棚内设固定栏架，架宽1.8?2米，长度视地块而定，一般以50米较容易操作。杂交兰生产场一般使用自来水进行灌慨，每10亩设20米<sup>3</sup>自来水贮水池1个。有条件的兰场最好设置电动喷淋设施，用于绕水、施肥和喷淋降温增湿。杂交兰从组培苗移栽开图148杂交兰的栽培设施始，需经3年左右的栽培才能开花，在这个过程中需要随苗龄的增长进行换盆及选用基质等工作。栽植幼苗可用内口直径5厘米的营养袋，并采用保水性强的水苔作基质；生长3?4个月后的中苗，可用内口直径8厘米的营养袋进行移栽，并采用2~5毫米的细树皮作基质；生长1年左右的大苗需用内口直径15~18厘米营养袋进行移栽，并采用10毫米以上的粗树皮，或者采用碎石子等硬料与树皮、花生壳等软料搭配的混合植料作基质。换盆以后的大苗在生长过程中需进行疏芽处理，直至兰株开花期一般不需要再换盆。

坠入情海菇凉你已无药可救 07-17 04:59

1栽培设施阳台韭菜栽培，可选择盆栽（图1）、槽培、箱培（图2）等。盆栽可选用口径20～40cm的塑料盆、陶瓷盆；栽培槽一般选用长60～80cm、宽18～22cm、高10～15cm的塑料槽、树脂槽；栽培箱一般选用长40～50cm、宽30～40cm、高30～40cm的泡沫箱、塑料箱、树脂箱等。多次使用的盆、栽培槽、栽培箱，使用前要用高锰酸钾溶液1500倍液浸泡15min（分）进行消毒，清水洗净后备用。为充分利用阳台空间，扩大栽培面积，可根据阳台空间的大小制作栽培架。栽培架可制作成报架式、台阶式、多层可旋转式等多种形式，也可充分利用阳台的内护栏制作相应的栽培架（图3）。栽培架多用木板木条、塑料管、钢筋制成。为方便管理，栽培架一般宽0.8～1.0m、高度不超过1.6m。2栽培基质为保证阳台蔬菜生长良好，不污染室内环境，阳台菜园一般不选用大田土或园田土，而选用有机基质和无机基质。有机基质选用草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩，按体积2∶1∶1的比例混合而成；无机基质则选用河沙。基质使用前要经过消毒，以避免韭菜病虫害的发生。一般采用物理消毒的方法，如太阳能消毒，即将基质装入透明的长方形塑料袋内，于夏季在太阳光下暴晒10～15d（天），暴晒过程中经常翻动塑料袋。太阳能消毒的基质，数量可适当多些以备用。有条件的地方也可进行蒸汽消毒。3阳台韭菜栽培技术3.1品种选择阳台栽培的韭菜，宜选择品质优、产量高、抗病虫性强的品种。多年实践表明，阳台韭菜栽培，以7
91、红根韭菜、马蔺韭等品种为好。选用的种子必须是当年生产的新种子，纯度98％以上，净度98％以上，发芽率95％以上，含水量12％以下。3.2播种育苗韭菜在育苗播种前，要进行种子处理。具体方法是：将种子放入55～60℃温水中浸泡10～15min（分）。浸泡过程中不断进行搅动，并且保持水温。然后将浸泡过的种子再用清水洗一遍，捞出阴干后待播。选用50孔育苗穴盘，内装已消毒的有机基质，每穴播种5～6粒，上覆0.5～1.0cm厚的基质，浇透水，保持15～25℃的温度，5～7d（天）即可出苗。出苗后，仍保持15～25℃的温度和见湿见干的水分管理，经70～80d（天）即可培育成壮苗。韭菜从播种到生长成为商品菜，大约需要10个月的时间。有条件的地方，可以直接从农家菜园里挖取
二、三年生的韭菜母根，剪去上部叶片和剪短下部根系（保留1.5～2.0cm根系），洗净根部土壤，放入高锰酸钾1500倍液中浸泡15min（分）进行根系消毒，再用清水冲洗后直接定植。3.3定植和养茬将栽培用的盆、槽、箱装入基质，不要装满，盆栽和槽培的上部留3～4cm的空间，箱培的留5～8cm的空间，然后将育苗盘内的韭菜苗进行簇栽，即将每穴中5～6株韭菜苗一簇一簇地定植在栽培盆、槽、箱内。要合理密植，每簇间距4cm左右，四周边行还可以适当增大密度。然后浇定植水，经7～10d（天）即可缓苗。缓苗后的韭菜，长势又细又弱，没有商品价值，因此不要收获，而要进行“养茬”，即继续进行水、肥、光的正常管理，培育壮根壮苗。待幼苗长到高30cm左右、出现一些黄萎叶片时割收。这样经2～3个周期的“养茬”，韭菜进入旺盛生长期，可进行正常的割收、食用。3.4肥水管理家庭阳台韭菜栽培，整个生育期间，不施任何化肥和农药。追肥以经过室外发酵的厨余垃圾肥料为主，如淘米水、剩牛奶、剩豆浆、剩啤酒等，追肥不宜过多过勤，一般10～15d（天）追施1次，每次适量（每立方米追施剩牛奶、剩豆浆、剩啤酒标准200

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