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对于体育馆的看台设计有没有什么特别要求的呢？

对于体育馆的看台设计有没有什么特别要求的呢？

浏览：49次 | 提问时间： 07-22 10:38

涉及到声学设计的，看起来很复杂的样子

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谎言来维持爱情ろ回眸 07-22 10:39

体育馆的看台设计至关重要，场馆的平面形状与看台的结合有重要关系。如圆形的体育馆外墙与看台交接会产生较多的空间浪费，这需要协调处理看台与外墙的交接关系。一般来说，中小型体育馆从视线、声学等功能要求来说不采用圆形方案，用多边形和椭圆形代替，这样看台在平面处理上会更有利些。看台的布置对体育场馆的造型有很大影响，对称看台与非对称看台的设计会导致差异很大的两种场馆造型。对中小型体育馆来说采用非对称看台可以争取到较多的文艺演出正面观看的观众席，而视觉质量也较容易控制在有效的范围内。体育场的观众席看台同样也有这样的问题，因为体育比赛观众满座率不高，3万人以下的体育场采用非对称布置看台对使用功能和造型都有利。观众席看台的剖面设计直接影响到场馆的高度和体量。由于视线剖面设计要保证视线设计的通视，即视线无遮挡，所以看台首排高度的确定将直接影响看台每排的高度数值。看台的首排高度越高视线越陡，看台的每排升高值和排距会增加，场馆的高度也会增加，体量会增大。而看台的首排高度越低则相反。但看台的首排高度越低会使看台下的使用空间减少，这是一个矛盾协调的问题。合理地确定看台的首排高度可以采用提高比赛场地，降低看台下空间的方法，有机地结合处理好看台的设计。体育场的看台设计还注意其建筑构造设计难点，体育场馆的看台为外露的空间，对看台下部的辅助用房来说具有屋面的功能即防水和保温隔热。

矢至 07-22 10:47

建声设计主要是考虑比赛大厅内的吸声处理,充分降低馆内的混响时间以保证厅内的语言清晰度和观众席、比赛场地不出现回声、颤动回声和声聚焦等音质缺陷.对于体育馆的比赛大厅来说,能够做吸声处理的范围较少,尤其是侧墙,大部分被看台和侧窗占用,所以要求吸声材料、吸声结构必须有较高的吸声性能

不奢求 07-22 10:56

你好，很荣幸回答你的问题，体育馆基地的规划布点要合理，大型体育馆的设计中应考虑人流和车流同城市交通之间的矛盾，包括在城市交通高峰负荷时的矛盾和与急救车辆行车路线之间的矛盾。一方面要保证体育馆的大量观众的安全疏散(在4～5分钟内能全部疏散到建筑物以外)，另一方面要避免体育馆使用时大量人流和车流堵塞城市交通。体育馆应有大面积停车场地，并靠近交通干道。体育馆平面布置应严格按照各项国际标准，如网球、排球赛场净高不低于12米。一般适应国际比赛的体育馆室内高度不低于15米。观众席要安排在最佳视觉范围内。比赛场地的长轴方向不应设天然采光窗。比赛场地和练习场地应联系方便。主席台位置应按比赛仪式要求选择地位适中、视线最佳的地段。主席台人员、观众和运动员的进出路线和房间应分开。运动员入口宜设在主席台对面。裁判席、记分牌、计时装置、广播、电视和电气控制室的位置均应合理安排，以使比赛顺利进行。观众席看台的剖面设计直接影响观赏质量。看台多设计成阶梯形，坡度一般不超过30度，台阶高度一般不大于45厘米。在剖面设计中，对于场地高程的确定，应根据交通疏散、机械运输、建筑造价综合考虑。一般体育馆场地高程宜接近天然地坪和场外地坪。体育馆跨度大，屋顶结构在整个建筑设计中占重要地位，对建筑造型起决定性的作用。体育馆的兴建促进了大跨度结构建筑的发展。可供采用的有空间网架结构、悬索结构、充气结构等。北京首都体育馆、南京五台山体育馆的屋顶是空间网架结构；北京工人体育馆的屋顶是悬索结构；美国密歇根州庞蒂亚克体育馆的屋顶是充气结构；联邦德国慕尼黑奥运会体育中心体育馆的屋顶是张力结构。

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