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地下室排水系统该怎么设计

地下室排水系统该怎么设计

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我愿做你爱的死囚 07-29 08:06

排水系统是指排水的收集、输送、水质的处理和排放等设施以一定方式组*的总体。用以除涝、防渍、防盐的各级排水沟道及建筑物的总称。地下室排水系统在设计中应尽量把专供上部建筑平时使用的设备间，设置在防空地下室的防护范围之外。地下室给水管道应采用给水铸铁管或钢管，排水管道应采用机制排水铸铁管或钢管，以增加管道的防护能力和抗压能力。

太遥远 07-29 08:15

设计应考虑平、战结合，设计中应考虑平时和战时功能的不同，采用减少或避免给排水管道穿越人防地下室顶板的方式，方便临战时转换。关键词:人防工程给排水设计消防1前言在*防空地下室的设计中，防空地下室内部的给排水管道设计往往较易处理，难在人防地下室与上部高层建筑的管道要在满足人防规范的前提下进行联系。在《*防空地下室设计规范》的第3.1.6条规定:“与防空地下室无关的管道，不宜穿过人防的围护结构。当因条件限制需要穿过其顶板时，只允许给水、采暖、空调冷媒管道穿过，且其公称直径不得大75mm。凡进人防空地下室的管道及其穿过的人防围护结构，均应采取防护密闭措施。”在高层建筑的给排水设计中，上部建筑的给水、排水、消防、喷淋管道绝大多数大于75mm，而且这条规范又是工程建设标准强制性条文，在工作中如何执行此条文是大家关心的问题。下面就高层建筑人防地下室的给水、排水、消防三个方面谈谈设计心得体会。2给水设计2.1水源选择般采用城市自来水作为供水水源。城市自来水为水源的特点是:水质、水量可靠，成本低，但战时安全性较差，多用于临战前为人防工程内部补充供水，是人防工程最常用的水源。有条件时，可设自备内水源。自备内水源是指地下室清洁区内的水源，其特点是:水质较好、防护问题容易解决、战时供水可靠。但平时使用达到《*生活饮用水卫生标准》较困难，故多用于战时供水。柴油发电机房为染毒区，设置在柴油发电机房内专为电站提供冷却用水的内水源，是可能被染毒的水源，不能作为生活饮用水。2.2用水量标准防空地下室生活、饮用水水量标准应根据其用途、卫生设备的完善程度和当地的气候条件等因素综合考虑确定。1)平时用水量标准应按《建筑给水排水设计规范》(以下简称《建水》)等现行的*标准确定;2)战时用水量标准应按《*防空地下室设计规范》(以下简称《防规》)表6.2.3确定;表中生活用水量仅包括盥洗用水量，不包括水冲厕所用水量。如工程所在地人防主管部门要求为该类工程设供战时使用的水冲厕所，其水冲厕所用水量标准由当地人防主管部门确定。3)机械、通信和空调等设备用水量应按其工艺要求确定。2.3生活饮用水贮水池(箱)的设置防空地下室应在每个防护单元的清洁区内设置生活饮用水贮水池(箱)，其容积应根据防空地下室的水源条件按照《防规》表6.2.5中规定的贮水时间计算确定。按此计算的容积中，不包括洗消用水。洗消用水的容积应按《防规》6.4节的有关要求单独计算。饮用水的贮水池(箱)宜单独设置。单独设置是为了更好地保证饮用水的卫生，防止污染，避免饮用水被挪用，有利于长期贮存水的再次消毒。掩蔽人数较少的防护单元可以考虑生活贮水池(箱)合并，但应有饮用水不被挪用的措施。设计中易出现的问题是贮水池(箱)的设计高度过大，贮水池(箱)的容积计算中需注意，其贮水高度必须扣除底部高度距地面、上部与梁/板底的*作高度以及最高水位距水池(箱)顶板的高度。2.4给水管道的设计各防护单元内给排水管道设施要*设置。人防给水从市政给水管道接入时，宜设置专用的水表。人防市政给水管除接至生活饮用水箱外，还应连接至室内人防给水管，以利市政自来水有保证时直接取用。消防管不得从临战封堵门洞内通过。从临战封堵门侧面或上方通过时，应不影响临战封堵门的安装，必须和门框边保持300mm以上的净距。1)给水管材:给水管引入管应采用钢塑复合管或热镀锌钢管;防护阀门以后的管道，不受冲击波作用，可用与上部建筑相同材质的给水管材，如PPR塑料管等。2)防污措施:在内水源与外部水源(如城市自来水管网)的连接处，应设置有效的隔断措施，如图二。也可在给水引入管上设倒流防止器。3)设计秒流量计算①生活管道设计秒流量按下式计算Q1