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古代陶瓷制作工艺流程有哪些？

古代陶瓷制作工艺流程有哪些？

浏览：52次 | 提问时间： 08-03 08:44

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发过梦怪我近视没看清人心 08-03 08:45

1、淘泥：制瓷的第一道工序---淘泥,就是把瓷土淘成可用的瓷泥。2、摞泥：淘好的瓷泥并不能立即使用，要将其分割开，摞成柱状，以便于储存和拉坯用。3、拉坯：将摞好的瓷泥放入大转盘内，通过旋转转盘，用手及拉坯工具，将瓷泥拉成瓷坯。4、印坯：拉好的瓷坯只是一个雏形，还需要根据要做的形状选取不同的印模将瓷坯印成各种不同的形状。5、修坯：刚印好的毛坯厚薄不均，需要通过修坯这一工序将印好的坯修刮整齐和匀称。6、捺水：捺水是一道必不可少的工序，即用清水洗去坯上的尘土，为接下来的画坯上釉等工序做好准备工作。7、画坯：在坯上作画是陶瓷艺术的一大特色，画坯有许多种，有写意的、有贴好画纸勾画的,等等。8、上釉：画好的瓷坯，表面粗糙，上好釉后则全然不同，光滑而又明亮：不同的上釉手法，又有全然不同的效果。9、烧窑：瓷坯在窑内经受千度高温的烧炼。10、成瓷：经过几天的烧炼，窑内的瓷坯已变成了件件精美的瓷器。

雨 08-03 08:54

先代是机械化生产,用电烧和煤烧,古代全人工制瓷,用柴烧。

时间傤変你也傤変c 08-03 09:02

1、练泥：从矿区采取瓷石，先以人工用铁锤敲碎至鸡蛋大小的块状,再利用水碓舂打成粉状，淘洗，除去杂质，沉淀后制成砖状的泥块。然后再用水调和泥块，去掉渣质，用双手搓揉，或用脚踩踏，把泥团中的空气挤压出来，并使泥中的水分均匀。这一环节在古窑里我没有见到，深感遗憾，于是我在前往三宝村途中仔细寻觅，有幸亲眼目睹。这种瓷石*方法历史悠久,应与景德镇制瓷历史同步。2、拉坯：将泥团摔掷在辘轳车的转盘中心，随手法的屈伸收放拉制出坯体的大致模样。拉坯是成型的第一道工序。拉坯成型首先要熟悉泥料的收缩率。景德镇瓷土总收缩率大致为18—20%,根据大小品种和不同器型及泥料的软硬程度予以放尺。由于景德镇瓷泥的柔软性,拉制的坯体均比之其他黏土成型的要厚。拉坯不仅要注意到收缩率,而且还要注意到造型。如遇较大尺寸的制品,则要分段拉制,从各个分段部位,可看出拉坯师傅的技艺好坏和水平高低。景德镇陶瓷的特殊美感和瓷文化的形成是与其独特的材质、工艺等有着密不可分的联系,甚至在某种程度上说:景德镇瓷器名扬天下,除当地“天赐”的优质黏土之外,基本上是那些“鬼斧神工”的技艺将这些普通的“东西”变成了人类的“宠物”。由此,真正被“神灵”护佑着的正是这制瓷技艺的不断分工、进化和传承。这千年相传的技艺造就和组成了人类陶瓷史甚至是文明史上最耀眼的光环,这光环让人炫目,也让人敬畏。3、印坯：印模的外形是按坯体内形弧线旋削而成的，将晾至半干的坯覆在模种上，均匀按拍坯体外壁，然后脱模。4、利坯：将坯覆放于辘轳车的利桶上，转动车盘，用*旋削，使坯体厚度适当，表里光洁，这是一道技术要求很高的工序。利坯,也称“修坯”或“旋坯”,是最后确定器物形状的关键环节,并使器物表面光洁、形体连贯、规整一致。内外修坯是景德镇制瓷工艺中一个极为重要并优于其他窑系的成型技术,是形成景德镇陶瓷风格的一个独特的技术保障。利坯工不仅需要熟悉泥料性能,而且要熟练掌握造型的曲线变化和烧成时各部位的收缩比,以及各部分留泥的厚薄程度。一般来说,在同一器物的不同部位,坯体厚度各不相同,因为不同部位在高温烧成时的收缩率和受力情况不一致,因而利坯时应控制不同部位的泥坯厚度,以防止其烧造时变形。利坯时对于坯体厚薄程度的控制及其识别方法,是掌握利坯技术和确保利坯质量的关键。按一般经验,测定坯体厚薄是以手指上下抚摸并轻轻弹叩,听其不同部位的响声。坯体较厚者,弹之发出“咯咯”之声,修至中等厚度时则发出“咚咚”之声;高档瓷坯体修至适当薄度时,弹之则发出“卟卟”的脆声。5、晒坯：将*成型后的坯摆放在木架上晾晒。6、刻花：用竹、骨或铁制的*具在已干的坯体上刻画出花纹。7、施釉：普通圆器采用醮釉或荡釉。琢器或大型圆器用*釉。大部分陶瓷制品均需经施釉后才能进窑烧造。施釉工艺看似简单,却是极为重要和较难掌握的一道工序。要做到坯体各部分的釉层均匀一致,厚薄适当,还要关注到各种釉的不同流动性,实在不是件容易的事。景德镇陶瓷装饰大致可分为釉下装饰和釉上装饰两种基本类型。釉下装饰是指直接在泥坯上进行艺术装饰*,并上釉烧成的瓷器,因其装饰图案位于瓷器釉层之下而得名,主要包括青花、釉里红和釉下五彩等。在已经烧成的瓷器釉面上进行装饰*的工艺,则称为釉上彩,包括古彩、粉彩、墨彩、新彩等。还有釉下青花与釉上五彩相结合的“斗彩”装饰。实际上自元代以后,中国瓷器彩绘装饰的历史,基本上是以景德镇瓷器发展史为主要脉络的。釉里发出红色是景德镇具较高声誉和影响的名贵品种8、烧窑：首先把陶瓷制品装入匣钵，匣是陶瓷制品焙烧的容器,以耐火材料制成,作用是防止瓷坯与窑火直接接触,避免污染,尤其对白瓷烧造最为有利。烧窑时间过程约一昼夜，温度在1300度左右。先砌窑门，点火烧窑，*是松柴，把椿工技术指导，测看火候，掌握窑温变化，决定停火时间。 9、彩绘：釉上彩如五彩、粉彩等，是在已烧成瓷的釉面上描绘纹样、填彩，再入红炉以低温烧烘，温度约700—800度。烧窑前即在坯体素胎上绘画

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