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明清家具花纹装饰寓意有人晓得吗？

明清家具花纹装饰寓意有人晓得吗？

浏览：43次 | 提问时间： 08-06 08:22

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披衣画梅 08-06 08:22

明清家具花纹装饰寓意：具体介绍几种
龙纹

　　龙纹自古为华夏民族*的图腾，被尊为华夏之神。传说龙为鳞虫之长，能兴云雨，得万物，使风调雨顺，丰衣足食，故为五灵之一。《易经》有云：“飞龙在天，大人造也。”秦汉以后逐渐用于比喻君王。历代皇帝都以真龙天子自居，认为自己是龙的化身。故此，用龙纹作装饰的器物为帝王所专用。我国古代传说的龙有多种，各具不同形态，然而最常见的则是有角、有爪、蛇身、鱼尾的所调黄龙，在众龙之中声誉最高，属于最高等级的瑞*。其姿态之美生动可爱，被历代视为神圣的*物。《瑞应图》云:“黄龙者，四龙之长，四方之正色也。神灵之精也。能巨细，能幽明，能长能短，乍存乍亡。王者不漉池而鱼则应和气游于池沼。”《孝经授神契》日:“德至水泉则黄龙见者，君之象也。”
夔龙

　　神话中的瑞*。传说黄帝时诸侯于东海流山得奇*，其状如牛，苍色无角，一足能走。出入水则风雨，目光如日月，声如雷，名曰“夔”。黄帝*之，取皮以冒鼓，声闻五百里。古代青铜器常用夔纹。至清代，家具纹饰亦用夔纹，多取材于古代铜器、玉器花纹。但根据家具构件形态，略有创新，其特点是硬角折弯，苍劲有力，俗称“拐子龙”。

　　狮纹

　　狮子本生于美洲、非洲等地，但很早就作为瑞*进入中国人的生活中。雄狮体魄尤壮，吼声如雷，甚威严。日行五百里，百*见之皆伏，为毛虫之长。怒则威在齿，喜则威在尾，吼则百*避易，马皆溺血。虽*后虎豹不敢食其*，蝇不敢集其尾。其性最傲，遇者极匍伏，虽饥时不吃。千人逐之也迟行，人不见处，仅任性疾驰。又传狮最有情，受人德必报(见《古今图书集成·博物汇编·禽虫典》)。古人赞誉狮子猛以示心，仁而能驯，似悦君子之德，乃制其形，历代视为祥瑞。古时常雕刻其形于大门两侧，既*猛，有表仁德。装饰图案多表现在屏风心或柜门板心上，常见为“番人进宝图”或“职贡图”等，借喻“天下太平”、“万国咸宁”。

　　麒麟

　　家具装饰图案“番人进宝图”中常有麒麟形象，中国古代传说中的嘉瑞之一。旧传为神*或仁*。《史记·*相如传》上林赋：“*则麒麟。”雄为麒，雌为麟，其状糜身牛尾，圆顶一角，借喻杰出人物。《古今图书集成·博物汇编·禽虫典》卷四十六介绍麒麟说:“麟信而应礼，以足至者也。麟角之末有*，示有武而不用。麟为毛虫之长，麟之中不践生草，不履生虫，言麟性仁厚。麋身牛尾，圆顶一角，含仁怀义，音中律礼，行中规矩。不*居，不入陷阱，不惟罗绸。王者至仁则见，盖太平之符也。”清代吉祥图案有“麒麟送子”图，喻人生有德，则早生贵子。

　　瑞鹿

　　瑞鹿常指白鹿而言。古代人以白鹿为祥瑞之兆。白鹿又称“天鹿”，传说为人升仙时的乘骑。《汉书·艺文类聚》引孙氏《瑞应图》：“天鹿者，纯善之*也。道备则白鹿见，王者明惠及下则见。”历代以为瑞应。图案常与松树组合，喻“松鹿同春”；与仙鹤组合，喻“鹤鹿同春”，也有与寿星组合，喻“禄寿康宁”。

　　海马

　　也称“河马”。古代又有“龙马”之说。凡马之大者，皆可称为“龙马”，或称为“龙”。《礼记》曰:“圣人用民必从，天不爱其道，不藏其宝，故河出马图。”孔安国《尚书·大传》曰:“王者有仁德，则龙马见。伏羲之世，龙马出河，遂则其纹以画八卦，谓之河图也。”(引自刘庚《稽瑞》)故宫现存一件紫檀木平头案，腿间档板透雕“河马负图”图案。河马负图历代被视为祥瑞之象。

Andy卿于你心海 08-06 08:31

灵芝纹：为菌类，生于枯木之上，质坚不腐，有青、赤、黄、白、黑、紫六色，冠呈半圆形，有云纹，冠及柄皆光泽如漆。今人以芝为仙草，故称芝仙、灵芝或灵草，服之能使人驻颜不老，起逝世复生。灵芝纹样多见于木雕，故修建、家具罕用灵芝纹作装潢，明代较写实，形象玲珑活泼，清代以后逐步趋势程式化，多堆砌，逝世板，失传统精髓。
牡丹花纹：牡丹，花*艳，华丽堂皇，是中国珍贵花卉，有“花中之王”的名称和“国色天香”的佳誉。牡丹以唐代长安、宋代洛阳最盛，诗人梅尧臣有“洛阳牡丹名品多，自谓天下无能过”之句。北宋文学家欧阳修说“牡丹南亦出城州（城州即今绍兴）”，解释江南地域也早有牡丹成长。牡丹花作装潢图案寓意贫贱早已有之，特殊是现代传说中凤为鸟中之王，凤与牡丹联合，象征美妙，黑暗和幸福，是明清家具罕见的装潢题材之一。
如意纹：如意系指一种器物，柄端作手指形，用以搔痒，可如人意，因此得名（梵语“阿那律”）。官方按如意形做成如意纹样，借喻“满意”“如意”与瓶、戟、磬、牡丹等组成官方图案，寓意“安全如意”“吉庆如意”“贫贱如意”，是明清家具罕见的装潢纹样之一。

寂寞掩蓋誓言 08-06 08:39

你好，　中国人历来追求美好的事物，这种追求也体现在家具的雕饰中，所以明清时期吉祥图案非常盛行。在图案中借助同章字和谐音非常巧妙地运用于图案形象，以谐音和寓意，以指事物的方式进行构成，使形式和内容巧妙结合，这种图饰意趣横生，看上去悦目，听起来悦耳，成为广大民众喜闻乐见的吉祥图案。其实，在吉祥图案逐步完美的过程中，每种物品已经有了它固定的含义。比如牡丹——富贵，石榴——多子，鹿——禄，蝙蝠、桃子、佛手——福，喜鹊——喜庆，鱼——富足。希望我的回答对你有帮助。

3分鐘熱度 08-06 08:47

古代装饰花纹，传承了中华民族几千年文化的精髓，它包含了中华民族对美好生活的向往和追求。并用形象的、抽象的图案赋予其吉祥、幸福、如意的寓意。

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