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建筑构造设计流程有哪些？

建筑构造设计流程有哪些？

浏览：41次 | 提问时间： 08-10 08:49

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十年浮夸终成孤独患者孤人席 08-10 08:50

每个设计院的做法不一样的。基本是用PKPM建模分析计算，施工图基本是用CAD绘制，加上一些结构*插件，例如探索者。还有一些单位直接用PKPM生成出图再导入CAD中修改一下。在这里建议你去找老庄结构院的一些*看看，里面讲的很清楚的。

我何苦一往情深又一厢情愿 08-10 08:58

1.初定结构方案，一般是结构总工与建筑设计人员商定2.做初步设计，结构设计人员根据建筑初步设计图纸，布置梁，板，柱等主要构件结构尺寸，并在PKPM中试算，基本能达到规范要求的各项指标后，出初步设计图纸。3.做施工图设计，根据建筑提供的建筑图，在PKPM中建模型，布置梁板柱，计算通过后开始画施工图。4.个别地方需要手算，比如说悬挑檐口，悬挑雨篷，女儿墙，挡土墙或者个别的某根小梁等等。整体结构不需要手算，也没能力手算。

薄情人 08-10 09:06

1)，看懂建筑图结构设计，就是对建筑物的结构构造进行设计，首先当然要有建筑施工图，还要能真正看懂建筑施工图，了解建筑师的设计意图以及建筑各部分的功能及做法，建筑物是一个复杂物体，所涉及的面也很广，所以在看建筑图的同时，作为一个结构师，需要和建筑，水电，暖通空调，勘察等各专业进行咨询了解各专业的各项指标。在看懂建筑图后，作为一个结构师，这个时候心里应该对整个结构的选型及基本框架有了一个大致的思路了. 2)，建模(以框架结构为例)（关键）当结构师对整个建筑有了一定的了解后，可以考虑建模了，建模就是利用*，把心中对建筑物的构思在电脑上再现出来，然后再利用*的计算功能进行适当的调整，使之符合现行规范以及满足各方面的需要.现在进行结构设计的*很多，常用的有PKPM，广厦，TBSA等，大致都差不多。这里不对*的具体*作做过多的描述，有兴趣的可以看看，每个*的*作说明书（好厚好厚的，买起来会破产）。每个*都差不多，首先要建轴网，这个简单，反正建筑已经把轴网定好了，输进去就行了，然后就是定柱截面及布置柱子。柱截面的大小的确定需要一定的经验，作为新手，刚开始无法确定也没什么，随便定一个，慢慢再调整也行。柱子布置也需要结构师对整个建筑的受力合理性有一定的结构理念，柱子布置的合理性对整个建筑的安全与否以及造价的高低起决定性作用...不过建筑师在建筑图中基本已经布好了柱网，作为结构师只需要对布好的柱网进行研究其是否合理.适当的时候需要建议建筑更改柱网.当布好了柱网以后就是梁截面以及主次梁的布置.梁截面相对容易确定一点，主梁按1/8~1/12跨度考虑，次梁可以相对取大一点，主次梁的高度要有一定的差别，这个规范上都有要求。而主次梁的布置就是一门学问，这也是一个涉及安全及造价的一个大的方面.总的原则的要求传力明确,次梁传到主梁，主梁传到柱，力求使各部分受力均匀。还有，根据建筑物各部分功能的不同，考虑梁布置及梁高的确定（比如住宅，在房中间做一道梁，本来层就只有3米，一道梁去掉几十公分，那业主不骂人才怪...）。梁布完后，基本上板也就被划分出来了，当然悬挑板什么的现在还没有，需要以后再加上...,梁板柱布置完后就要输入基本的参数啦，比如混凝土强度啊，每一标准层的层高啊，板厚啊，保护层啊，这个每个*设置的都不同，但输入原则是严格按规范执行.当整个三维线框构架完成，就需要加入荷载及设置各种参数了，比如板厚啊，板的受力方式啊，悬挑板的位置及荷载啊什么的，这时候模形也可以讲基本完成了，生成三维线框看看效果吧，可以很形象的表现出原来在结构师脑中那个虚构的框架。 2.计算计算过程就是*对结构师所建模型进行导荷及配筋的过程，在计算的时候我们需要根据实际情况调整*的各种参数，以符合实际情况及安全保证,如果先前所建模型不满足要求，就可以通过计算出的各种图形看出，结构师可以通过对计算出的受力图，内力图，弯矩图等等对电算结果进行分析，找出模型中的不足并加以调整，反复至电算结果满足要求为止，这时模型也就完全的确定了.然后再根据电算结果生成施工图，导出到CAD中修改就行了，通常电算的只是上部结构，也就是梁板柱的施工图，基础通常需要手算，手工画图,现在通常采用平面法出图了，也大大简化了图纸有利于施工。 3.绘图当然，*导出的图纸是不能够指导施工的,需要结构师根据现行制图标准进行修改，这就看每个人的绘图功底了，施工图是工程师的语言，要想让别人了解自己的设计，就需要更为详细的说明，出图前结构师要确定，别人根据施工图能够完整的将整个建筑物再现于实际中，这是个复杂的过程，需要仔细再仔细，认真再认真。结构师在绘图时还需要针对电算的配筋及截面大小进一步的确定，适当加强薄弱环节，使施工图更符合实际情况，毕竟模型不能完完全全与实际相符。最后还需要根据现行各种规范对施工图的每一个细节进行核对，宗旨就是完全符合规范，结构设计本就是一个规范化的事情.我们的设计依据就是那几十本规范，如果施工图中有不符合规范要求的地方，那发生事故，设计者要负完全责任的......总的来讲，结构施工图包括设计总说明，基础平面布置及基础大样图，如果是桩基础就还有桩位图，柱网布置及柱平面法大样图，每层的梁平法配筋图，每层板配筋图，层面梁板的配筋图，楼梯大样图等，其中根据建筑复杂程度，有几个到几十个结点大样图.

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