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行家说说景观设计原则有哪些？

行家说说景观设计原则有哪些？

浏览：31次 | 提问时间： 07-10 08:43

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3个答案

稚笙 07-10 08:44

一、统一的原则：也称变化与统一或多佯与统一的原则。
植物景观设计时，树形、色彩、线条、质地及比例都要有一定的差异和变化，显示多样性，但又要使它们之间保持一定相似性，引起统一感，这佯既生动活泼，又和谐统一。变化太多，整体就会显得杂乱无章，甚至一些局部感到支离破碎，失去美感。过于繁杂的色彩会引起心烦意乱，无所适从，但平铺直叙，没有变化，又会单调呆板。因此要掌握在统一中求变化，在变化中求统一的原则。运用重复的方法最能体现植物景观的统一感。如街道绿带中行道树绿带，用等距离配植同种。同龄乔木树种，或在乔木下配植同种，同龄花灌木，这种精确的重复最具统一感。一座城市中树种规划时，分基调树种、骨干树种和一般树种。基调树种种类少，但数量大，形成该城市的基调及特色，起到统一作用；而一般树种，则种类多，每种量少，五彩缤纷，起到变化的作用。长江以南，盛产各种竹类，在竹园的景观设计中，众多的竹种均统一在相似的竹叶及竹竿的形状及线条中，但是丛生竹与散生竹有聚有散；高大的毛竹、钓鱼慈竹或麻竹等与低矮的箐竹配植则高低错落；龟甲竹、人面竹、方竹、佛肚竹则节间形状各异；粉单竹、白杆竹、紫竹、黄金间碧玉竹、碧玉间黄金竹、金竹、黄槽竹、菲白竹等则色彩多变。这些竹种经巧妙配植，很能说明统一中求变化的原则。

裸子植物区或俗称松柏园的景观保持冬天常绿的景观是统一的一面。松属植物都是松针、球果，但黑松针叶质地粗硬、浓绿，而华山松、乔松针叶质地细柔，淡绿；油松。黑松树皮褐色粗糙，华山松树皮灰绿细腻，白皮松干皮白色、斑驳，富有变化，美人松树皮棕红若美人皮肤。柏科中都具鳞叶，刺叶或钻叶，但尖峭的台湾桧。塔柏。蜀桧、铅笔柏；圆锥形的花柏、凤尾柏；球形、倒卵形的球桧、千头柏；低矮而匍匐的匍地柏、砂地柏、鹿角桧体现出不同种的姿态万干。

二、调和的原则：即协调和对比的原则。

植物景观设计时要注意相互联系与配合，体现调和的原则，使人具有柔和、平静、舒适和愉悦的美感。找出近似性和一致性，配植在一一起才能产生协调感。相反地，用差异和变化可产生对比的效果，具有强烈的刺激感，形成兴奋、热烈和奔放的感受。因此，在植物景观设计中常用对比的手法来突出主题或引人注目。

当植物与建筑物配植时要注意体量、重量等比例的协调。如广州中山纪念堂主建筑两劳各用一棵冠径达25m的、庞大的白兰花与之相协调；南京中山陵两侧用高大的雪松与雄伟庄严的陵墓相协调；英国勃莱汉姆公园大桥两端各用由九棵椴树和九棵欧洲七叶树组成似一棵完整大树与之相协调，高大的主建筑前用九棵大柏树紧密地丛植在一起，成为外观犹如一棵巨大的柏树与之相协调。一些粗糙质地的建筑墙面可用粗壮的紫藤等植物来美化，但对于质地细腻的磁砖、马赛克及较精细的耐火砖墙，则应选择纤细的攀缓植物来美化。南方一些与建筑廊柱相邻的小庭院中，宜栽植竹类，竹竿与廊柱在线条上极为协调。一些小比例的岩石园及空间中的植物配植则要选用矮小植物或低矮的园艺变种。反之，庞大的立交桥附近的植物景观宜采用大片色彩鲜艳的花灌木或花卉组成大色块，方能与之在气魄上相协调。

色彩构图中红、黄、蓝三原色中任何一原色同其它两原色混合成的间色组成互补色，从而产生一明一暗，一冷一热的对比色。它们并列时相互排斥，对比强烈，呈现跳跃新鲜的效果。用得好，可以突出主题，烘托气氛。如红色与绿色为互补色，黄色与紫色为互补色，蓝色和橙色为互补色。我国造园艺术中常用万绿丛中一点红来进行强凋就是一例。英国谢菲尔德公园，路旁草地深处一珠红枫，雄红的色彩把游人吸引过去欣赏，改变了游人的路线，成为主题。幸树金黄的秋色叶与浓绿的拷树，在色彩上形成了鲜明的一明一暗的对比，。而远处玉龙雪山尖峭的山峰与近处测柏的树形非常协调。这种处理手法在北欧及美国也常来用。

三、均衡的原则：这是植物配植时的一种布局方法。

将体量、质地各异的植物种类按均衡的原则配植，景观就显得稳定、顺眼。如色彩浓重、体量庞大、数量繁多、质地粗厚、枝叶茂密的植物种类，给人以重的感觉；相反，色彩素淡、体量小巧、数量简少、质地细柔、枝叶疏朗的植物种类，则给人以轻盈的感觉；根据周围环境，在配植时有规则式均衡(对称式)和自然式均衡(不对称式)。规则式均衡常用于规则式建筑及庄严的陵园或雄伟的皇家园林中。如门前两旁配植对称的两株桂花；楼前配植等距离、左右对称的南洋杉、龙爪槐等；陵墓前、主路两侧配植对称的松或柏等。自然式均衡常用于花园、公园、植物园、风景区等较自然的环境中。一条婉蜒曲折的园路两旁，路右若种植一棵高大的雪松，则邻近的左侧须植以数量较多，单株体量较小，成丛的花灌木，以求均衡。
四、韵律和节奏的原则：配植中有规律的变化，就会产生韵律感。

你像一首唱到沙哑偏爱的情 07-10 08:53

城市生态园林景观设计的原则有
1、坚持以"生态平衡"为主导，合理布局园林绿地系统。
2、遵从"生态位"原则，搞好植物配置
3、遵从"互惠共生"原理，协调植物之间的关系。
4、保持"物种多样性"，模拟自然群落结构
希望我的回答对你有帮助

是我错想逃脱 07-10 09:01

小区环境基本上是由住户小庭院、组团级公共用地和小区级公共活动场地构成，这些空间往往相互融会贯通，构成了居住区外部环境的物质基础。小区环境景观设计的主要目标是营造生态化、景观化、宜人化、舒适化的物质环境以及和睦、亲近、具有活力的社会文化环境。设计时要注重使用者的特性和需求，达到人性化的设计目标，创造具有积极的意义的居住区环境景观，既要有“以人为本”的思想，又要有尊重自然、利用自然、设计结合自然的观点。因此，主要应遵从生态设计原则和以人为本的原则。

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